LIME STONE

Lime stone is a sedimentary rock composed of the mineral calcite (calcium carbonate) . The primary source of this calcite is usually marine organisms. These organisms secrete shells that settle out of the water column and are deposited on ocean floors as pelagic ooze (see lysocline for information on calcite dissolution). Secondary calcite may also be deposited by supersaturated meteoric waters (groundwater that precipitates the material in caves). This produces speleothems such as stalagmites and stalactites. Limestone makes up approximately 10 percent of the total volume of all sedimentary rocks.

Pure lime stones are white or almost white. Because of impurities, such as clay, sand, organic remains, iron oxide and other materials, many limestones exhibit different colors, especially on weathered surfaces.Lime stone may be crystalline, clastic, granular, or dense, depending on the method of formation. Crystals of calcite, quartz, dolomite or barite may line small cavities in the rock. Chert or Flint nodules are common in limestone layers. Bands of limestone emerge from the Earth’s surface in often spectacular rocky outcrops and islands. Examples include the Verdon Gorge in France ; Malham Cove in North Yorkshire, England; and the Ha Long Bay National Park in Vietnam .

Travertine is a banded, compact variety of lime stone formed along streams, particularly where there are waterfalls and around hot or cold springs. Calcium carbonate is deposited where evaporation of the water leaves a solution that is supersaturated with chemical constituents of calcite. Tufa, a porous or cellular variety of travertine, is found near waterfalls. Karst topography and caves are often formed in areas composed chiefly of lime stone.

Uses of limestone

Lime stone is quarried for roadbeds, building and landscape construction, and cement manufacture. Limestone is especially popular in architecture, and many landmarks around the world, especially in North America and Europe , are made primarily of the material. Limestone is readily available and relatively easy to cut into blocks or more elaborate carving. It is also long-lasting and stands up well to exposure. However, it is a very heavy material, making it impractical for tall buildings; it is also quite expensive. Most lime stone used in construction comes from India .

Though the limestone used for construction is good for humid climates, it is vulnerable to acids, making acid rain a problem when it occurs in places where limestone is used extensively. The acids in the water can wear away the details of statues and other art.

standard sizes are:

TILES:

Sizes Thickness

300x300mm, 300x200mm, 400x200mm,

400x400mm, 300x600mm, 600x600mm in 10-14 mm

300×300 should be considered as 1’x1′

NATURAL TILES WILL BE IN A THICKNESS OF 10-14mm

GAUGED TILES WILL BE IN A THICKNESS OF 10mm +/-1mm

NATURAL TILES TO BE PACKED IN EXPORT IN WORTHY WOODEN CRATES

GAUGED TILES TO BE PACKED IN CORRUGATED BOXES AND THEN INTO WOODEN PALLETS.

SLABS:

RANDOM SIZES AVAILABLE IN 20mm AND 30mm THICKNESS

PRICES FOR RANDOM ARE ON A CRATE BASIS.

Parameters definition:

Polished – generally gloss levels should be 0-8 as measured by a gloss meter.

To achieve this, final polishing should have been done by italian machines.

Honed: To grind a surface with a high grit material to a uniform specification without producing a reflective surface

Calibration: To grind a surface with a high grit material to a uniform surface to maintain the thickness variation.

Shade variation – Slabs / tiles should be sorted to ensure uniformity of shade. Normally, any colour can be sorted into three shades. Sorting is simple -just lay all the material on the floor and look from different directions.

Colour patches – These are darker or lighter patches or bands of single colours due to mineral localisation.

Free lengths: i.e. lengths varying randomly while width is constant are also very attractive. Choose the widths as per the expected floor area. Buy random lengths and cut at your site to fit.

Flatness Tolerances

A 4’ dimension in any direction on the surface shall determine variation from true plane, or flat surfaces. Such variations on polish, hone, and fine rubbed surfaces shall not exceed tolerances listed below or 1/3 of the specified joint width, whichever is greater. On surfaces having other finishes, the maximum variation from true plane shall not exceed the tolerance listed below or + 3 mm of the specified joint width, whichever is greater.

Polished, honed or fine rubbed finishes… +/- 1 mm

Sawn, Calibrated, 4-cut and 6-cut…. +/- 1 mm

Split face, pointed or other rough cut finishes… +/- 1mm

Edges also can be chamfered / bevelled. Chamfering removes whiteness and chipped edges. This looks very good. Chamfering is a simple process in which a polishing brick is run at an angle of 45 °.

DIAGONAL OUT

DIAGONAL OUT MUST NOT BE MORE THAN 1MM FOR TILES. IN SLABS IT VARIES.

Quality Parameters:

One side natural and one side calibrated

a. One side Calibrated.

b. Other side natural.

c. Thickness variation is +/- 1mm

One side natural and one side honed

a. Honed finished one side.

b. Other side natural.

c. Thickness variation is +/- 1mm

One side Calibrated and one side honed

a. Honed finished one side.

b. Calibration on the other side.

c. Thickness variation is +/- 1mm

One side Calibrated and one side mirror polished

a. One Side Fine Mirror Polished.

b. Calibration / Honed on the other side.

c. Thickness variation is +/- 1mm.

One side Calibrated and one side fine mirror polished( with max. gloss)

a. One Side Fine Mirror Polished.

b. Calibration / Honed on the other side.

c. Thickness variation is +/- 1mm including all corner of the stone.

Note: The above Thickness variation mentioned is for the container at total. The variation in tile is not acceptable.